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Freitag, 13.01.2012

Transnational Tobacco Companies in Russia

According to tobacco market analysts, all four of the major TTCs are making steady gains in the market.5 The dominating presence and nature of these TTCs further threatens public health because of the powerful companies’ competitive efforts to reach young consumers and emerging female smokers, which ultimately increases smoking prevalence in the markets where they operate.
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As TTCs gain control of emerging markets like Russia, they may drive down cigarette prices and raise advertising and promotional spending, which in turn increases the rate of consumption in a country.

The TTCs use their immense economic and political influence to weaken tobacco control policies globally.8

Even in the current global financial crisis, the TTCs are considered by analysts as generally recession-resilient, enabling the companies to continue their competition for a larger share in emerging markets such as Russia.


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Mittwoch, 16.11.2011

Types of Tobacco

 There are a number of types of tobacco including, but are not limited to:


Aromatic fire-cured, it is cured by smoke from open fires. In the United States, it is grown in northern middle Tennessee, central Kentucky and in Virginiamarker. Fire-cured tobacco grown in Kentuckymarker and Tennesseemarker are used in some chewing tobaccos, moist snuff, some cigarettes, and as a condiment in pipe tobacco blends. Another fire-cured tobacco is Latakia, which is produced from oriental varieties of N. tabacum. The leaves are cured and smoked over smoldering fires of local hardwoods and aromatic shrubs in Cyprusmarker and Syriamarker.
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Donnerstag, 24.03.2011

Davidoff Brand

 Davidoff is a Swiss product which has a range of tobacco products like cigarettes, cigars and pipe tobaccos. The history of the production of Davidoff goods dates back to 1906. It was started as a small level tobacco business by Zino Davidoff in Ukraine. Presently, the products of Davidoff cigarettes are manufactured under the company Imperial Tobacco and it has a license of manufacture from Davidoff & Cie which was a company founded by Zino Davidoff in Switzerland.

Referring to the more detailed history, Zino Davidoff was the son of Henri Davidoff was a tobacco merchant in the city of Ukraine called Kiev. When Zino was still young, his parents fled to the city of Switzerland called Geneva, to escape the mayhem going on in Russia at that time, and here his father again started the tobacco shop. It was fortunate for the Davidoff family because their business flourished in Switzerland as it was safe from the wrath of the World War 2 and became a market for tobacco customers.
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Mittwoch, 19.01.2011

There’s life in tobacco yet

Companies such as British American Tobacco, the maker of Lucky Strike and Dunhill cigarettes, and Imperial Tobacco, which produces Lambert & Butler and Gitanes, are still good defensive stocks, boasting decent dividend yields. But they are facing an increasing number of issues.
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Mittwoch, 20.10.2010

No more smoking in Spanish bars and restaurants

MADRID — Spain, a country famed for its smoke-filled bars, corner cafes and restaurants, is poised to enact a tough new anti-smoking law Wednesday, eliminating its status as Western Europe's last country where lighting up in indoor public places is allowed.


The bill to be approved by a parliament commission Wednesday amends one from 2006 and brings Spain in line with the rest of the European Union — although it takes it even further by prohibiting smoking in certain outdoor areas as well.


The current law prohibits smoking in the workplace but permits it in bars of less than 1,100 square feet (100 square meters) and in restaurants with larger floor spaces that have specially adapted areas.
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Mittwoch, 16.06.2010

Passive smoking and smoking uptake in children


It has been recognised for some time that children who grow up in contact with smokers, in their family, friends, peer groups and role models, are more likely to become smokers themselves. The systematic review and meta-analysis in this
report provides estimates of the practical ignificance of that effect, demonstrating that children who grow up with a parent or other ousehold member who smokes are about twice as likely to become smokers themselves. Although also
strongest for maternal smoking and hence otentially due to prenatal as well as postnatal exposure, the effect of smoking by any family member is of broadly
similar magnitude, and thus suggests that the ffect is predominantly due to exposure to smoking ehaviour. We estimate that about 23,000 children in
England and Wales (and therefore probably about 25,000 in the UK) start smoking by the age of 16 as a result of exposure to smoking by family members.
Whilst this total may have been inflated by the effects of other causal factors confounded with
exposure to smoking behaviour, it also excludes uptake of smoking after age 16,and the effect of exposure to other smoking role models outside the
home.




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Dienstag, 25.05.2010

Depression and Smoking ARE Correlated.


According to the National Center for Health Statistics (United States),
an estimated 24.8 million men (23.1 percent) and 21.1 million women
(18.3 percent) are smokers. Asia, Australia and the Far East are by far
the largest consumers (2,715 billion cigarettes), followed by the
Americas (745 billion), Eastern Europe and Former Soviet Economies (631
billion) and Western Europe (606 billion).
The figures are terrifying. In the meantime, the
connection between depression and smoking has been proved by the
government survey conducted recently. The survey discovered that more
than a half of middle-aged men who suffer from depression are also
smokers. The same situation is with the depressed women under the age of
40. Half of them are nicotine addicted.
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Montag, 15.03.2010

Smoking Cessation: Next Steps for Special Populations Research and Innovative Treatments

Despite advances in pharmacotherapy, smoking cessation rates
have reached an asymptote in the United States. The current
smoking prevalence among U.S. adults in 2006 (20.8%) is not
significantly different from that in 2004 (20.9%; Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 2007a). The Healthy People 2010
goal of reaching 12% smoking prevalence is now unattainable.
Decreasing the prevalence of smoking will take a multitarget,
multichannel, multimethod approach at different levels of social
strata: individuals (i.e., address smoker heterogeneity, develop
innovative treatments), groups (i.e., target populations with higher
than average smoking prevalence; eradicate disparities in treatment
access, engagement, and effectiveness), cultural/societal
level (i.e., increase frequency and effectiveness of mass media
campaigns, create greater consumer demand for evidenced-based
treatments [EBTs]), health care systems and insurers (i.e., increase
counseling and reimbursement, reduce out-of-pocket costs to
smokers who want to quit), and government (i.e., increase taxation,
expand smoke-free laws, increase funding of state quit lines).
Although all of these factors are critical to jump-starting stalled
smoking cessation rates, in January 2009 the Journal of Consulting
and Clinical Psychology initiated a call for papers focusing on the
first two areas: innovative treatment approaches for smoking cessation
and testing smoking cessation interventions in understudied
or underserved populations. Manuscripts on innovative treatments
could include, but were not limited to, behavioral therapy,
cognitive– behavioral therapy, combined pharmacological and behavioral
therapies, and theory-based therapies that have been
tested in other fields but have not yet been applied to smoking
cessation. Manuscripts focusing on understudied populations
could include, but were not limited to, targeting different cultures,
ethnicities, ages, and medical and psychiatric comorbidities. A
preference was given to articles with a clearly articulated theoretical
foundation and clinical implications.


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Mittwoch, 13.01.2010

Tobacco use by Veterans

Tobacco use is the most preventable cause of death in the world (WHO, 2008). Each year, over 400,000 Americans die of tobacco-related causes, including military personnel and
 veterans. In 2005, 32% of active-duty military personnel and 22% of all veterans smoked, compared with just over 20% of the US adult population. The prevalence of smoking is over 50% higher in military personnel who have been deployed than in those who have not. In addition, an alarmingly high number of service members use smokeless tobacco. Because tobacco use is greatest among the youngest service members, the health effects will be greatest
among older veterans as the population ages. Thus, reducing the number of tobacco users in the military will reduce the number of veterans with tobacco-related health problems.


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Dienstag, 15.12.2009

Reynolds American Inc.

Reynolds American Inc. (NYSE: RAI) became a public company on July 30, 2004, following completion of a business transaction that combined the No. 2 and No. 3 U.S. tobacco companies, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR Tobacco) and the U.S. operations of Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. (B&W), under the Reynolds Tobacco name. At that time, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: RJR), became a wholly owned subsidiary of Reynolds American - and RJR shareholders received one share of Reynolds American stock for every share of RJR stock they tendered. 
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Freitag, 27.11.2009

Public subsidies for motion picture production


Since 1998, when Canadian subsidies began to lure film and TV production from California and New York to Vancouver and Toronto, America’s motion picture industry has taken advantage of growing competition among states and nations offering ever‐larger production “incentives.” Studios now balance offers from North
America and Europe. As a result, for the last decade, about one‐third of feature film projects developed by US studios are shot outside the United States.1
In recent years, states have also started bidding for film production. By 2009, 41 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico offered a total of $1.4 billion in tax credits and cash rebates on film production spending. Fifty‐eight percent (24/41) of these states launched a new subsidy program or boosted the subsidy awards of an older program since 2008
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Freitag, 06.11.2009

The Joy of Smoking

Out on the town, you watch as your good friend Bill lights-up and sucks down a
deliciously deep puff, and then lays the pack on the table between the two of you.
Cindy, your talkative co-worker, blows smoke your way while gloriously waving her
cigarette like a conductor’s baton. Arthur and Denise, two smoking strangers, gravitate
toward one another and engage in light-hearted conversation while guarding a store’s
entrance. While stopped at a light, Ellen inhales a deep and relaxing puff in the car...
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Donnerstag, 22.10.2009

Time distortion

A 2003 study found that distortion of time perception is one of the most common nicotine dependency recovery symptoms.372 Smokers were asked to
estimate the passing of 45 seconds both while still smoking nicotine and during a
second session after which they had not smoked any nicotine for 24 hours. Their time
estimates were also compared to a control group of non-smokers.
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Donnerstag, 24.09.2009

How might cigarette engineering contribute toward hiding symptoms of early asthma or emphysema?

 Although disputed by the tobacco industry, it is reported that cocoa may cause cigarette smoke to act as a breathing nebulizer.331 A chemical within cocoa, theobromine, is known to relax airway muscles and expand bronchial tubes. It is suggested that this might allow more nicotine-laden smoke to penetrate deeper and faster, resulting in a bigger hit or bolus of nicotine assaulting brain dopamine pathways sooner. In theory, this could keep the user loyal to their brand and coming back for more.
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Dienstag, 15.09.2009

Natural Fruit Juices

If our health permits, why not devote the money we would have spent purchasing nicotine, toward purchase and use of some form of natural fruit juice for the first 72 hours. Juice will not only help stabilize blood sugar levels, it will aid in accelerating removal of nicotine from our blood. Cranberry juice is excellent.
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Dienstag, 25.08.2009

Smoke helps me concentrate

Introducing vast quantities of carbon monoxide into the brain by smoking nicotine does not
improve concentration. Although nicotine is undeniably a stimulant that stimulates fight or
flight pathways and excites certain brain regions, it is also a super toxin, vasoconstrictor,
and promotes hardening of the arteries through angiogenesis. We probably won't worry
about concentration if chronic nicotine use destroys too much brain gray matter or causes a
stroke. Fresh air and exercise are far healthier brain stimulants.
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Mittwoch, 12.08.2009

R.J. Reynolds’ Tobacco Company

Based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, R.J. Reynolds’ Tobacco Company (RJR) has been
around since 1874. Prior to its 2004 merger with Brown and Williamson, its cigarette
brands included Camel, Doral, Eclipse, Monarch, More, Now, Salem, Vantage and Winston.

While RJR cigarette store marketing screams suggestions that smokers smoke its brands for
a host of reasons (flavor, pleasure, adventure, price, to be true, make new friends, have fun,
great menthol, or to look more adult), its once secret documents tell a different story.
A nine page 1972 confidential memo by a senior RJR executive is entitled “The Nature of
the Tobacco Business and the Crucial Role of Nicotine Therein.”
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Mittwoch, 05.08.2009

Nicotine Addiction

Remember how your body reacted to that first-ever inhaled puff, dip or chew of tobacco?
Although some took to smoking like fish to water, what most recall is how utterly horrible
it tasted.
You may have felt dizzy, nauseous or if like me, your face turned six shades of green. Your
mouth may have been filled with a terrible taste with your throat on fire and lungs in full
rebellion, as scores of powerful toxins assaulted, inflamed and numbed all tissues they
touched.
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Freitag, 17.07.2009

Collection of Fines Tobacco

The effects on federal revenues also include relatively small effects
from provisions that would allow the Secretary of HHS to levy fines against sponsors of
misbranded and adulterated tobacco products, sellers of tobacco to underage individuals,
and for other violations. The FTC would also be authorized to assess fines for certain
violations of tobacco-related requirements enforced by the commission. We estimate that
revenues associated with the collection of civil fines authorized under S. 982 would be
roughly $1 million annually.
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Mittwoch, 01.07.2009

Village case study

A survey was conducted among 33 tobacco producers in six villages of the Akhisar district of Manisa
province, the district and province representing the most important tobacco producing subregion in
Turkey. Manisa Province accounts for 23 percent of the nation’s tobacco output and value.
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