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Montag, 15.03.2010

Smoking Cessation: Next Steps for Special Populations Research and Innovative Treatments

Despite advances in pharmacotherapy, smoking cessation rates
have reached an asymptote in the United States. The current
smoking prevalence among U.S. adults in 2006 (20.8%) is not
significantly different from that in 2004 (20.9%; Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 2007a). The Healthy People 2010
goal of reaching 12% smoking prevalence is now unattainable.
Decreasing the prevalence of smoking will take a multitarget,
multichannel, multimethod approach at different levels of social
strata: individuals (i.e., address smoker heterogeneity, develop
innovative treatments), groups (i.e., target populations with higher
than average smoking prevalence; eradicate disparities in treatment
access, engagement, and effectiveness), cultural/societal
level (i.e., increase frequency and effectiveness of mass media
campaigns, create greater consumer demand for evidenced-based
treatments [EBTs]), health care systems and insurers (i.e., increase
counseling and reimbursement, reduce out-of-pocket costs to
smokers who want to quit), and government (i.e., increase taxation,
expand smoke-free laws, increase funding of state quit lines).
Although all of these factors are critical to jump-starting stalled
smoking cessation rates, in January 2009 the Journal of Consulting
and Clinical Psychology initiated a call for papers focusing on the
first two areas: innovative treatment approaches for smoking cessation
and testing smoking cessation interventions in understudied
or underserved populations. Manuscripts on innovative treatments
could include, but were not limited to, behavioral therapy,
cognitive– behavioral therapy, combined pharmacological and behavioral
therapies, and theory-based therapies that have been
tested in other fields but have not yet been applied to smoking
cessation. Manuscripts focusing on understudied populations
could include, but were not limited to, targeting different cultures,
ethnicities, ages, and medical and psychiatric comorbidities. A
preference was given to articles with a clearly articulated theoretical
foundation and clinical implications.


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Mittwoch, 13.01.2010

Tobacco use by Veterans

Tobacco use is the most preventable cause of death in the world (WHO, 2008). Each year, over 400,000 Americans die of tobacco-related causes, including military personnel and
 veterans. In 2005, 32% of active-duty military personnel and 22% of all veterans smoked, compared with just over 20% of the US adult population. The prevalence of smoking is over 50% higher in military personnel who have been deployed than in those who have not. In addition, an alarmingly high number of service members use smokeless tobacco. Because tobacco use is greatest among the youngest service members, the health effects will be greatest
among older veterans as the population ages. Thus, reducing the number of tobacco users in the military will reduce the number of veterans with tobacco-related health problems.


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Dienstag, 15.12.2009

Reynolds American Inc.

Reynolds American Inc. (NYSE: RAI) became a public company on July 30, 2004, following completion of a business transaction that combined the No. 2 and No. 3 U.S. tobacco companies, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR Tobacco) and the U.S. operations of Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. (B&W), under the Reynolds Tobacco name. At that time, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: RJR), became a wholly owned subsidiary of Reynolds American - and RJR shareholders received one share of Reynolds American stock for every share of RJR stock they tendered. 
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Freitag, 27.11.2009

Public subsidies for motion picture production


Since 1998, when Canadian subsidies began to lure film and TV production from California and New York to Vancouver and Toronto, America’s motion picture industry has taken advantage of growing competition among states and nations offering ever‐larger production “incentives.” Studios now balance offers from North
America and Europe. As a result, for the last decade, about one‐third of feature film projects developed by US studios are shot outside the United States.1
In recent years, states have also started bidding for film production. By 2009, 41 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico offered a total of $1.4 billion in tax credits and cash rebates on film production spending. Fifty‐eight percent (24/41) of these states launched a new subsidy program or boosted the subsidy awards of an older program since 2008
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Freitag, 06.11.2009

The Joy of Smoking

Out on the town, you watch as your good friend Bill lights-up and sucks down a
deliciously deep puff, and then lays the pack on the table between the two of you.
Cindy, your talkative co-worker, blows smoke your way while gloriously waving her
cigarette like a conductor’s baton. Arthur and Denise, two smoking strangers, gravitate
toward one another and engage in light-hearted conversation while guarding a store’s
entrance. While stopped at a light, Ellen inhales a deep and relaxing puff in the car...
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Donnerstag, 22.10.2009

Time distortion

A 2003 study found that distortion of time perception is one of the most common nicotine dependency recovery symptoms.372 Smokers were asked to
estimate the passing of 45 seconds both while still smoking nicotine and during a
second session after which they had not smoked any nicotine for 24 hours. Their time
estimates were also compared to a control group of non-smokers.
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Donnerstag, 24.09.2009

How might cigarette engineering contribute toward hiding symptoms of early asthma or emphysema?

 Although disputed by the tobacco industry, it is reported that cocoa may cause cigarette smoke to act as a breathing nebulizer.331 A chemical within cocoa, theobromine, is known to relax airway muscles and expand bronchial tubes. It is suggested that this might allow more nicotine-laden smoke to penetrate deeper and faster, resulting in a bigger hit or bolus of nicotine assaulting brain dopamine pathways sooner. In theory, this could keep the user loyal to their brand and coming back for more.
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Dienstag, 15.09.2009

Natural Fruit Juices

If our health permits, why not devote the money we would have spent purchasing nicotine, toward purchase and use of some form of natural fruit juice for the first 72 hours. Juice will not only help stabilize blood sugar levels, it will aid in accelerating removal of nicotine from our blood. Cranberry juice is excellent.
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Dienstag, 25.08.2009

Smoke helps me concentrate

Introducing vast quantities of carbon monoxide into the brain by smoking nicotine does not
improve concentration. Although nicotine is undeniably a stimulant that stimulates fight or
flight pathways and excites certain brain regions, it is also a super toxin, vasoconstrictor,
and promotes hardening of the arteries through angiogenesis. We probably won't worry
about concentration if chronic nicotine use destroys too much brain gray matter or causes a
stroke. Fresh air and exercise are far healthier brain stimulants.
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Mittwoch, 12.08.2009

R.J. Reynolds’ Tobacco Company

Based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, R.J. Reynolds’ Tobacco Company (RJR) has been
around since 1874. Prior to its 2004 merger with Brown and Williamson, its cigarette
brands included Camel, Doral, Eclipse, Monarch, More, Now, Salem, Vantage and Winston.

While RJR cigarette store marketing screams suggestions that smokers smoke its brands for
a host of reasons (flavor, pleasure, adventure, price, to be true, make new friends, have fun,
great menthol, or to look more adult), its once secret documents tell a different story.
A nine page 1972 confidential memo by a senior RJR executive is entitled “The Nature of
the Tobacco Business and the Crucial Role of Nicotine Therein.”
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Mittwoch, 05.08.2009

Nicotine Addiction

Remember how your body reacted to that first-ever inhaled puff, dip or chew of tobacco?
Although some took to smoking like fish to water, what most recall is how utterly horrible
it tasted.
You may have felt dizzy, nauseous or if like me, your face turned six shades of green. Your
mouth may have been filled with a terrible taste with your throat on fire and lungs in full
rebellion, as scores of powerful toxins assaulted, inflamed and numbed all tissues they
touched.
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Freitag, 17.07.2009

Collection of Fines Tobacco

The effects on federal revenues also include relatively small effects
from provisions that would allow the Secretary of HHS to levy fines against sponsors of
misbranded and adulterated tobacco products, sellers of tobacco to underage individuals,
and for other violations. The FTC would also be authorized to assess fines for certain
violations of tobacco-related requirements enforced by the commission. We estimate that
revenues associated with the collection of civil fines authorized under S. 982 would be
roughly $1 million annually.
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Mittwoch, 01.07.2009

Village case study

A survey was conducted among 33 tobacco producers in six villages of the Akhisar district of Manisa
province, the district and province representing the most important tobacco producing subregion in
Turkey. Manisa Province accounts for 23 percent of the nation’s tobacco output and value.
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Mittwoch, 24.06.2009

Federal Rules of Tobacco Civil Procedure

Defendants the district court properly
found likely to commit future RICO violations, we address their
challenges to particular remedies the district court imposed. We
also address the cross-appeal seeking additional remedies the
district court denied
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Mittwoch, 17.06.2009

Cedric Kushner case—United States

Further seeking to justify their reliance on Cedric Kushner,
Defendants say that the government cites only one post–Cedric
Kushner case—United States —that upheld an association-in-fact enterprise of corporations.
The relevance of this is hard to grasp, as other
post–Cedric Kushner cases not cited by the government accept
association-in-fact enterprises comprised of corporations.
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Dienstag, 09.06.2009

Montag, 01.06.2009

Smoke-free laws that are moderate

Of the countries reporting smoke-free laws
that are moderate or complete, only one third
have even moderate levels of enforcement
documented (scores of 3 or higher out of
10). Only four countries achieved a score
of 8 or higher (out of 10 possible points)
and only two countries – Uruguay and
New Zealand – had both comprehensive
smoke-free laws and an enforcement score of
8 or higher.
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Montag, 25.05.2009

Philip Morris cigarettes sold

Philip Morris cigarettes sold in the U.S. are made in this country,
and the company has notified the U.S. Customs service that it has not
given permission for anyone to use its trademarks on imports, he said.
The only legal remedy for Philip Morris is to sue for trademark
infringement, false advertising and unfair competition. Only the states
and federal government can sue for the lost tax revenue, McCormick
said. The Web sites fail to ensure the cigarettes aren't sold to
children and don't pay taxes, falsely claiming their products are
tax-exempt, Philip Morris said. 
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Montag, 18.05.2009

Fortuna lights cigarettes

Fortuna Lights Cigs
Spain's leading brand of 'blonde' Fortuna cigarettes has recently
launched new product variants based on tobacco sourced from Africa,
Asia and Central America. Those products nicely complement Fortuna
Cigarettes traditional Virginia-type tobacco.Now with Fortuna, you give
7% to an NGO (Fortuna creates a solidarity fund to give 7% of its sales
in 1999 to human interest projects) 2000
 
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Dienstag, 05.05.2009

Marlboro Man Ad

1960 Marlboro Cig Diver Diving Suit Flippers Man Ad
If you think flavor went out when filters came in- Try Marlboro -the filter cigarette with the unfiltered taste Make yourself comfortable -have a Marlboro
1960 Marlboro Cigarette Skis Skier 2-Page Ad
You get a lot to like with a Marlboro -the filter cigarette with the unfiltered taste Why don’t you settle back and have a full-flavored smoke?
1960 Marlboro Man Ad raking leaves
Why don’t you settle back and have a full-flavored smoke? try Marlboro -the filter cigarette with the unfiltered taste You get a lot to like with a Marlboro!
1960 Marlboro Cigarette Skis Skier 2-Page Ad - You get a lot to like with a Marlboro -the filter cigarette with the unfiltered taste Why don’t you settle back and have a full-flavored smoke?     
1960 Marlboro Cowboy Man Smoking Saddle 2-Page Ad - If you think flavor went out when filters came in -try Marlboro the filter cigarette with the unfiltered taste Make yourself comfortable –- have a Marlboro     1960 Marlboro Cowboy Man Smoking Saddle 2-Page Ad
If you think flavor went out when filters came in -try Marlboro the filter cigarette with the unfiltered taste Make yourself comfortable –- have a Marlboro
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